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The term 'Molly Maguires' came into use in the
Pennsylvania coal Counties of Carbon and
Schuylkill in the 1850's. It was used by Irish
immigrant workers, many of whom came from Donegal, to describe those who
partook in organised labour movements and who
violently resisted conscription. In the 1870s, the term 'Molly Maguires' was attributed to the Workingmen's Benevolent Association and the Ancient Order of Hibernians who agitated for better working conditions for the mining communities of Pennsylvania but the movement was suppressed and 20 of their number were executed by hanging. Alexander Campbell was born in Kincasslagh. He emigrated to America in 1868 where he operated a tavern in Tamaqua before moving to Storm Hill in the Lansford area of Carbon County, Pennslyvania. Campbell was the bodymaster of the AOH in the Lansford area. He was tried and found guilty of the murder of John P. Jones and, soon afterwards, of Morgan Powell. Campbell was hung at the Carbon County Jail in Mauch Chunk on June 21st, 1877. Thainig an tearma 'Molly Maguires' isteach í an Pennsylvania gual contae Carbón agus Schuylkill sa bliain 1850. D'usaid na Éireann inimirceach seo, chuig ís mó acu a thainig ó Dún na nGall, chun inis iad a glac páirt eagrú oibre gluaiseacht agus cé foréign seasadh coinscríobh. Sa bliain 1870 an tearma 'Molly Maguires' bhí sé cáilte go dtí an Fear obair Benevolent comhcheangal agus an ársa ordú de an Éireannach, cé croitheadhfa choinne obair níos fearr fa choinne an comhsheilbhde Pennsylvania ach bhí chuid ís mó fiche daoine básadh lé crochadh mar bhí an gluaiseacht shrianta. |
 Alexander Campbell |